ABSTRACT

Fast disintegrating tablets (FDT) have emerged as an alternative to oral conventional dosage forms to target populations like pediatric, geriatric, bedridden patients. The concept of coprocessing has been developed to obtain excipients with superior properties. The aim of this study was to prepare co-processed superdisintegrants using crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose sodium, and use them in the formulation of FDT of Olanzapine. Tablets were prepared by direct compression and evaluated for wetting time, water absorption ratio and in vitro drug release. FTIR study indicated that there was no interaction between the drug and prepared coprocessed superdisintegrants. The dissolution studies showed that the use of coprocessed superdisintegrants resulted in rapid release of drug from the tablets. It can be concluded that coprocessed superdisintegrants can be successfully used in the formulation of fast disintegrating tablets.

Keywords: Fast disintegrating tablets, Coprocessed superdisintegrants, Olanzapine.

ABSTRACT Microspheres have been used widely as these cover targeting the drug to particular site to imaging and helping the diagnostic features. Microencapsulation is used to modify and delayed drug release form pharmaceutical dosage forms. Microspheres efficiently utilized in controlled delivery of many drugs but wastage of drug due to low drug entrapment efficiency is the major drawback of such microparticulate system. The optimized microspheres can overcome such problems by enhancing the loading efficiency of a particular drug and minimizing the wastage of drug. It is to increase the drug loading efficiency, if optimize the formulation as well as process variables. This is necessary by understanding the effect of various variables which affect the drug entrapment efficiency of these microspheres. The present gives idea about various types of microspheres, methods to preparation, applications and various parameters for microspheres. Keywords: Microspheres, Microparticulate, Diagnostic, Parameters.

ABSTRACT A simple, sensitive, specific RP-HPLC method was developed for the estimation of Nevirapine in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. This method was based on HPLC separation of the drug in reverse phase mode using C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm i.d. 5μ). The mobile phase constituted of Acetonitrile: 0.01M Phosphate Buffer (PH 5.3) adjusted with orthophosphoric acid (40:60 v/v) and flow rate 1.0ml/min. Detection was performed at 220 nm. Separation completed with in 5minutes. Calibration curve was linear with the correlation coefficient was 0.9996 over a concentration range of 50 to 150μg/ml for the drug. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D) was found <2.0% for RP-HPLC method.This method have been successively applied to bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. The present method was validated according to ICH guidelines. Keywords: Nevirapine, UV-spectroscopy, High Performance Liquid Chromatography.

ABSTRACT
In pharmaceutical solubility is one of the biggest problem to formulate the suitable dosage form because according tonew chemical (drug) entities around 40% drug exhibit poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability. The bioavailability ofpoor water soluble drugs may be enhanced when co-administered with meal rich in fat has led to increasing recent interest in theformulation of poorly water soluble drugs in lipids. Novartis Pvt. Ltd. Neoral TM (Cyclosporine A), and Fortovase (Saquinavir),Roche Laboratories Inc. much focused on self micro-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS). SMEDDS are surfactant,isotropic mixtures of oil, co-surfactant and drug with a unique ability to form fine oil in water micro emulsion upon mild agitationfollowing dilution with aqueous phase. The hypothesis behind dissolution rate enhancement with SMEDDS is the spontaneousformation of the emulsion in the gastrointestinal tract which presents the drug in solubilized form, and the small size of theformed droplet provides a large interfacial surface area for drug absorption.
Keywords: SMEDDS, Biopharmaceutical Aspects, Excipients.

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to develop and characterized a vesicular drug carrier system (proliposome) for topical delivery of Metformin hydrochloride to overcome the problems related with oral route. Proliposomes of Metformin hydrochloride were prepared by thin film hydration technique by varying the composition drug, manitol, soya lecithin and cholesterol. Proliposome formulations were characterized for compatibility, Vesicle size, %Drug content, %Entrapment efficiency, Surface morphology, Surface charge, invitro drug release and stability studies. The proliposomal gel was prepared for optimized proliposomal formulation F4 by incorporated into 1% Carbopol gel. The in vitro drug release and in vivo skin irritation study and hypoglycemic activity were carried out for the gel F4-G1. Drug and physical mixture were characterized by FTIR, the result of IR study showed that no interaction between drug and polymers and other formulation parameters of formulated proliposomes and proliposomal gel are evaluated which showed better results. Proliposomal gel F4-G1 was proved nonirritant and showed better stability, more hypoglycemic effect as compared to oral formulation because it provide reduction in blood glucose level with controlled manner upto 24 hrs. Hence, Proliposomes drug delivery system was better choice for sustained release of drug through topical drug delivery. Keywords: Proliposomes, Liposomes, Proliposomal gel, Sustained release, Hypoglycaemic activity.

ABSTRACT

Breast cancer is the common disease in women worldwide, with some 5-10% of all cases due to inherited mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. The prognosis of breast cancer is generally favorable. Ductal carcinoma in situ is regarded as non-life threatening disease. Hence early diagnosis and quick treatment is essential. Obesity, hormone therapy and use of alcohol are possible causes and over-expression of leptin in adipose tissue may also play a role for breast cancer. Normally surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy allow a good prognosis for breast cancer. Recent treatment measures include adjuvant therapy, neo adjuvant therapy, and introduction of mono-clonal antibodies and enzyme inhibitors.

Keywords: Breast Cancer, BRCA1, BRCA2, Chemotherapy.

ABSTRACT Aim of bionic eye is to restore vision to patients who have gone blind due to macular degeneration or retinitis pigmentosa. In the past 20 years, biotechnology has become the fastest-growing area of scientific research, with new devices going into clinical trials at a breakneck pace.2013 has been a year of turning science fiction into reality. One technology that immediately comes to mind is the bionic eye. While in the works for years, the first artificial retina and surgical implant procedure were just recently approved by the FDA. Designed by Second Sight, the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System uses camera-mounted glasses to turn visual information into data that can be wirelessly transmitted to the bionic implant on the eye. The device has been specifically designed for – and testing with – patients who suffer from retinitis pigmentosa: an inherited degenerative disease leading to severe deterioration of sight or total blindness. Around 1.5 million people worldwide suffer from the condition, including 100,000 America. The Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System can provide sight -- the detection of light -- to people who have gone blind from degenerative eye diseases like macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa. Ten percent of people over the age of 55 suffer from various stages of macular degeneration. Retinitis pigmentosa is an inherited disease that affects about 1.5 million people around the globe. Both diseases damage the eyes\' photoreceptors, the cells at the back of the retina that perceive light patterns and pass them on to the brain in the form of nerve impulses, where the impulse patterns are then interpreted as images. The Argus II system takes the place of these photoreceptors. Keywords: Bionic eye, Retinitis pigmentosa, Photoreceptors.

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study is an attempt to formulate and evaluate microspheres drug delivery of Zidovudine by using Eudragit L100 as a polymer for potentially treating HIV and AIDS related conditions. The formulation F1 to F4 which were prepared by solvent evaporation method by varying the concentration of Edragit L100 polymer ratios which were significantly affected the in vitro drug release from the prepared formulations. The in vitro drug release studies were carried out by using phosphate buffer pH 7.4. Drug and physical mixture were characterized by FTIR. The formed microspheres showed prolonged in vitro drug release. It might contribute better patient compliance while reduce frequency of dosing and by acceptable sustained-release dosage form Zidovudine microspheres promote a fast and effective against the AIDS related conditions.

Keywords: Zidovudine, microspheres, HIV and AIDS related conditions, controlled drug delivery, sustained release, Edragit L100.

ABSTRACT

Gene silencing is a epigenetic term which means the expression of a particular gene is reduced by genetic engineering techniques using mechanism like DNA methylation and RNA interference. This technique if used perfectly and encouraged, can answer many mutational disorders which are incurable at present. These also give scope for us to explore into a new world of many unknown genes which have vital functions in the body. Even botanical silencing can be done to increase their resistance towards the attack of virus and many other harmful agents. It was found to be productive in combating against many cancers, viral diseases,bacterial infections and several mutational disorders. Research works are being done in institutes like the Scripps institute, California is undertaking studies on silencers which are helpful in treatment of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, hemophilia etc. The national institute of health, Maryland, America are trying to implement silencers in Parkinsonism. Gene silencing in plants is being done in Howard Hughes medical institute.

Keywords: America, DNA methylation, California.

ABSTRACT

The present investigation includes the preparation and evaluation of liquid filling formulations for soft gels using an analgesic drug Paracetamol, in order to improve its dissolution properties and there by its bioavailability. Formulations were prepared using excipients like poly ethylene glycol 400(PEG 400), propylene glycol(PG), polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVPK-30), DMSO, antioxidants, ethanol, and purified water. Prepared formulations were evaluated for appearance, pH, drug content uniformity, viscosity, stability, and in-vitro dissolution studies. The compatability between the drug and excipients was confirmed by FTIR spectra. The drug contents of the liquid fill formulations were found to be in the range of 60.34- 99.31 and the viscosity was in the range of 37.95-1056.46 cps. Formulations containing water/PEG/PG system gave better dissolution than other formulations. Formulation F3 is having superior release properties(100% drug release in 4min) when compared to those with different concentrations of PVPK-30(F7&F8) and those with antioxidants like BHT(F5%F6), hence F3 was selected as optimized fromulation.This confirms that water/PEG/PG system is better for Paracetamol release than Ethanol/PEG/PG and PVP/PEG/PG systems. Stability studies were conducted for all the formulations for a period of 6 months at room temperature(30áµ’C/65%RH). From these studies, it can be concluded that Paracetamol liquid formulations for soft gels were successfully prepared with in vitro dissolution properties superior when compard to Paracetamol itself. Keywords: Butylated hydroxyl toulene, Dimethyl sulfoxide, Liquid fill formulations, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Propylene glycol, Poly ethylene glycol, Paracetamol.